k8凯发国际官方入口

沅陵(ling)(ling)是一(yi)(yi)個少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)聚居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與(yu)散(san)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)并(bing)存的(de)(de)多民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。沅陵(ling)(ling)在(zai)(zai)遠古即(ji)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住。其后，經(jing)歷(li)(li)代(dai)開發，逐(zhu)漸(jian)成(cheng)為多民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地區(qu)。楚(chu)武王(wang)三十七年(nian)（前704），楚(chu)國(guo)勢(shi)力開始(shi)越長江南下，“開濮地而有(you)(you)之(zhi)”。秦滅楚(chu)置黔中郡，郡治在(zai)(zai)今縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)窯頭，留居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)官(guan)兵中有(you)(you)漢(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)土(tu)(tu)著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)雜居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)“永嘉之(zhi)亂”后，晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)廷曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)規定：偏遠夷地，不輸貢(gong)賦(fu)，或徭役全(quan)免，故(gu)流(liu)入者漸(jian)多。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)部(bu)分謝(xie)、袁、蕭及(ji)土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)田、覃、楊三姓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)即(ji)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)時(shi)來縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。隋唐之(zhi)際，曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)于(yu)(yu)沅陵(ling)(ling)置辰州都督府(fu)，隨軍游宦者，頂踵相接(jie)，苗(miao)、瑤、土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分退避(bi)山林(lin)，一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分與(yu)外來漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)雜居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。宋代(dai)為使(shi)少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)歸服，曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)(yi)度采取羈縻(mi)政(zheng)策。元(yuan)至(zhi)正(zheng)七年(nian)（1347），白(bai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鐘氏三兄(xiong)弟(di)及(ji)子(zi)侄（祖(zu)籍(ji)云南省），自江面(mian)避(bi)亂徙沅陵(ling)(ling)，于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)關溪(xi)(xi)子(zi)口(kou)和東關佘家(jia)(jia)橋定居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。明代(dai)對少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地區(qu)，亦以(yi)鎮(zhen)壓為主，鎮(zhen)撫結合，于(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)棋坪(ping)設拱(gong)辰營，駐重兵以(yi)防苗(miao)。清代(dai)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)區(qu)附近與(yu)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)雜居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)共同的(de)(de)生產(chan)、生活中逐(zhu)漸(jian)融合，有(you)(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)、西(xi)(xi)南、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)的(de)(de)深溪(xi)(xi)、酉溪(xi)(xi)、舒(shu)溪(xi)(xi)、楊溪(xi)(xi)、荔溪(xi)(xi)、丑溪(xi)(xi)、耍溪(xi)(xi)、藍(lan)溪(xi)(xi)流(liu)域，仍有(you)(you)大(da)部(bu)分人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保留與(yu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)相似的(de)(de)語言、風俗(su)、服飾(shi)，自稱“果熊”。這些地區(qu)，清廷視為苗(miao)地，曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)劃入“乾(qian)嘉苗(miao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)起義”時(shi)的(de)(de)“苗(miao)疆(jiang)御覽圖”。嘉慶八年(nian)（1803）常德回(hui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)馬新盛、鳳凰回(hui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)鄭大(da)勛先后遷(qian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。抗(kang)日戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期，有(you)(you)些兄(xiong)弟(di)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)同胞來縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)避(bi)難定居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。新中國(guo)建(jian)立(li)后，又有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)些侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、蒙古族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)干部(bu)因(yin)工(gong)作遷(qian)徙而來。由于(yu)(yu)歷(li)(li)代(dai)封建(jian)王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)對“五溪(xi)(xi)”少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)歧視，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)眾多的(de)(de)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)(de𒈔ng)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)被登記為漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。1982年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)第三次人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)普查，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)苗(miao)、土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)、侗、布(bu)依(yi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)15個少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，只(zhi)登記到3782人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1985年(nian)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)向省人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)申報(bao)成(cheng)立(li)了火場土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)，清水坪(ping)壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)和棋坪(ping)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)。到2006年(nian)，沅陵(ling)(ling)行政(zheng)區(qu)劃調整結束，少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)只(zhi)有(you)(you)兩個：火場土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)、二(er)酉苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉(xiang)。當前，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)25．16萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，另有(you)(you)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、白(bai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)24個少(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)共36.39萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。